This briefing provides an overview of CBI and RBI schemes in the EU, the Parliament's stance on these schemes and the Commission's actions to address the identified problems. It also covers the situation of Russian nationals who, prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, represented a large share of applicants for CBI and RBI schemes in the EU. In the wake of the invasion, the Commission urged Member States to repeal any existing CBI schemes with immediate effect.